Allergic Reaction Treatment Q&A

An allergic reaction is the body’s natural immune response to a substance that it perceives as harmful, even though it is not harmful to most people. This substance is known as an allergen. Common allergens are pollen, dust mites, certain foods, medications, and insect stings. When a person with allergies comes into contact with an allergen, their immune system overreacts and releases certain chemicals into the bloodstream. These chemicals trigger a range of symptoms, which is known as an allergic reaction.
 
Common symptoms of an allergic reaction include itching, hives, swelling, sneezing, a runny nose, watery eyes, coughing, wheezing, and shortness of breath. In severe cases, anaphylaxis, which is a life-threatening reaction, can occur. It’s crucial to accurately identify and avoid allergens whenever possible. If you experience recurrent allergic reactions, it’s recommended to seek medical attention for proper diagnosis, comprehensive treatment and management.

If you suspect you’re having an allergic reaction, there are several signs and symptoms to look out for. Allergic reactions range in symptoms and severity.

However, some of the most prevalent indicators include:
 
Skin reactions – It’s common to exhibit an allergic reaction through itching, hives, or a rash.

Respiratory symptoms – Sneezing, a runny or stuffy nose, coughing, wheezing, shortness of breath, or difficulty breathing can indicate an allergic reaction.

Eye symptoms – Itchy, watery, or red eyes can be caused by an allergen.

Gastrointestinal issues – Nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, or diarrhea can be present during an allergic reaction.

Anaphylaxis – In severe cases, anaphylaxis occurs. This is characterized by difficulty breathing, tightness in the throat, swelling of the face or throat, a rapid pulse, dizziness, or loss of consciousness. Anaphylaxis is a medical emergency and requires urgent medical attention.
 
If you experience any of these symptoms after exposure to a potential allergen, it’s important to seek medical attention promptly.

An allergic reaction typically involves several stages as the immune system responds to the allergen.

The three primary stages are:
 
Sensitization phase – During this initial stage, the body is exposed to an allergen for the first time. The immune system recognizes the allergen as harmful and produces specific antibodies, known as immunoglobulin E (IgE), to target and defend against it.

Acute allergic reaction – In subsequent exposures to the same allergen, the allergen binds to the IgE antibodies, triggering the release of inflammatory substances, such as histamine. This stage is characterized by the classic symptoms of an allergic reaction, including itching, sneezing, hives, and general discomfort.

Late allergic reaction – This stage is characterized by the manifestation of symptoms in different parts of the body, depending on the type of allergen and the individual’s sensitivity. Symptoms can affect the skin, respiratory system, gastrointestinal tract, or other organs. It’s common for this stage to reach its peak about 6 to 9 hours after initial exposure to the allergen.
 
Allergic reactions range from mild to severe, with anaphylaxis being the most severe and life-threatening form. The severity and duration of an allergic reaction will vary greatly depending on individual factors and the specific allergen involved.

hours to a couple of days. Symptoms such as sneezing, irritated eyes, and rash can subside relatively quickly with the help of over-the-counter antihistamines and other allergy treatments.
 
Moderate to severe allergic reactions often last longer, typically several days to a week. These reactions involve more pronounced symptoms, such as persistent itching, swelling, or respiratory difficulties. Medical intervention, including prescription medications, may be needed to manage these symptoms effectively and alleviate your discomfort.
 
It’s critical to remember that if you experience a severe allergic reaction known as anaphylaxis, it’s considered a medical emergency that requires urgent attention. Anaphylaxis can progress rapidly and become life-threatening if not treated promptly.

For more information, contact us today or schedule an appointment online. We are conveniently located at 4701 Melbourne Place College Park, MD 20740. We serve patients from College Park MD, New Carrollton MD, Berwyn Heights MD, White Oak MD, Seabrook MD, Laurel MD, Springdale MD, Mitchellville MD and surrounding areas.